“Layer cake” model of McHarg
Figure 1: Inventory data
Source: Ndubisi, Ecological Planning (2002)
ECOLOGICAL PLANNING MODEL
According to McHarg’s method natural resources and physical features assemblaged as layers. Each layer represents and component of the physical environment as shown on the figure. These layers include mapping of bedrock, surficial geology, ground water hydrology, geomorphology, surficial hydrology, soils, vegetation, wildlife, land use and climate. Layers superimposed on each other to show the composite of the information and how each variable related to each other. Time element shown on the figure is related with the interaction of layers over time. For example bedrock geology is an older phenomenon for soils.
LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
The analysis of landscape is not straightforward. Many approaches are possible depending on the goals or perception one has, the structures that are recognized and are considered important. Equally important are the data available to study the landscape such as surveys, aerial photographs, remote sensing data and historical maps. The availability of special data in digital form is becoming more and more important in landscape analysis as geographical information systems (GIS) offer powerful tools for spatial analysis. There are Three main approaches for landscape analysis. (ANTROP, 2000).
1- The Thematic Approach: the analysis of landscape components
2- The Regional or Spatial Approach
3- Landscape metrics: attempts to quantify holistic characteristics
METHODOLOGY
IN THIS STUDY
↓
WE COMBINED
↓
Layer cake Model (the first part –inventory of biophysical environment) + The thematic approach :the analysis of landscape components together.
↓
VEGETATION MAP
(For two reasons; 1- indicator of other environmental conditions.
2- Easy to inventory because of plants’ existence everywhere at the same time
TO PRODUCE THE DETAILED VEGETATION MAP
↓
WE OVERLAYED
BEDROCK+ FOREST STAND(woodland classification according to dominant species for ex. Oak stand, clearings of woodlands, agricultural lands) +EXPOSURE MAPS
8 different vegetation formations determined these are;
1-Crimean Pine woodland vegetation formations
2-Pine Woodland vegetation formations
3-Crimean pine mixed with oak woodland vegetation formations
4-Pure oak woodland vegetation formations
5-Clearings of woodland vegetation formations
6-Watercourse land vegetation formations
7- Agricultural land vegetation formations
8- steppes of subalpine vegetation formations
PROPOSAL PLAN (Including two stages)
↓
VEGETATION MAP
+
LAND USE MAP
PROPOSAL PLAN STAGE 1 (the plan targets to supply the needs on appropriate areas like grazing areas – we determined the sizes with a formula for cattle and ovine total numbers for the total 13 residential areas – agricultural lands, high endemism ratio areas of national park, dense use areas on the summit )
PROPOSAL PLAN STAGE 2 (zoning made on the second stage. There recognized 4 zones. These are core, buffer, transition and under control zone, that is peculiar to national park)
THE STUDY AREA
The research area Kazdağı National Park is located at the Aegean region of Turkey, within the administrative borders of Balikesir, and the province of Edremit. Kazdağı National Park lays on the southern part of Kazdağı Massive and has an area of 21.452 ha.
